Contextual Associations

The daluo is a metal gong idiophone of the Han Chinese. Luo is the generic Han term for gong, and daluo (‘large gong’) is larger in size in comparison to the other gong (see xiaoluo) with which it is played in its primary context of usage, Beijing opera. Its sound is considered to have a majestic quality and so it is used to accompany the movements of warriors and officials in Beijing opera performances. Luo in general are also used occasionally in outdoor religious processions and, less frequently, in instrument ensemble music. The daluo, along with other traditional gongs and cymbals, has also been incorporated into the percussion section of the modern Chinese orchestra.

Description

The daluo is made from a copper, zinc and tin alloy called xiangtong (‘resonant copper’). Its shallow rim is turned back at 90 degrees and has two holes drilled in it to accept a rope handle. The convex face of this gong rises gradually from the rim to a broad flattened striking area at its center. A stick beater with a padded head is used to strike the instrument.

Player - Instrument Interface and Sound Production

The player of the daluo holds the rope handle of the gong with his left hand so that face of the gong hangs vertical. The padded beater, which is held in the right hand, is thrust against the center of the face. The pitch produced by this action descends suddenly, providing a distinctive contrast to the rising pitch that is characteristic of the xiaoluo, with which it is paired. In addition to accompanying the stage movement of certain character types in Beijing opera productions, it is also sounded in combination with the xiaoluo, jingbo, paiban, and bangu to perform labeled rhythmic patterns called luogudianzi (‘gong and drum rhythmic patterns’), which are used to accompany dramatic stage action such as flamboyant entrances, battles, and acrobatics (listen to audio clip).

Origins/History/Evolution

Early forms of luo are known to have existed in China during the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE). (Thrasher 1984, p. 242) Little has changed in the form of the daluo or in the form of luo in general relative to the early forms of these instruments.

Bibliographic Citations

Liang, Mingyue. 1985. Music of the Billion: An Introduction to Chinese Musical Culture. New York: Heinrichshofen.

Thrasher, Alan R. 1984. “Luo [lo].” NGDMI v.2: 546-547.