Url
	https://omeka-s.grinnell.edu/s/MusicalInstruments/item/8429
Resource class
	wmi:MusicalInstrument
Title
	gandira
Subject
	211.311
Publisher
	Solomon Madhinga near Tafara Primary School, Chipinge District, Zimbabwe
Contributor
	Tony Perman
Type
	Ndau
Format
	9 in. diameter of drumhead
1.9 in. depth of shell
10 in. length of beater
Identifier
	7114
Source
	East Africa
Language
	English
Coverage
	Zimbabwe
	Mozambique
Alternative Title
	makandira
	ncomane
	mantshomane
Medium
	wood
	membrane - mammal skin
Requires
	one
Spatial Coverage
	Africa
Bibliographic Citation
	Johnston, Thomas F. 1971. “The Music of the Shangana-Tsonga.” Ph.D. Dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Kirby, Percival R. 1934. The Musical Instruments of the Native Races of South Africa. London: Oxford University Press.
Perman, Tony. 2020. Signs of the Spirit: Music and the Experience of Meaning in Ndau Ceremonial Life. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
Provenance
	Perman collection
Number of drums comprising instrument for membranophone
	single drum
Shell design for membranophone
	tubular - frame
Number and function of membranes for membranophone
	one, for sounding
Membrane design for membranophone
	unframed
Membrane attachment for membranophone
	unframed membrane lapped over pegs protruding from shell
Membrane tension control for membranophone
	none, tension set at time of manufacture
Sounding for membranophone
	striking with one handheld beater
Sound modifiers for membranophone
	none
Category of Instrument
	membranophone

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