Url
	https://omeka-s.grinnell.edu/s/MusicalInstruments/item/7436
Resource class
	wmi:MusicalInstrument
Title
	bullroarer
Subject
	412.22
Contributor
	Roger Vetter
Type
	Aboriginal
Format
	27.8 in. length
3.7 in. greatest width
.5 in. greatest thickness
Source
	South America
Coverage
	Brazil
Alternative Title
	bull-roarer
	rhombe
	Schwirrholz
Medium
	wood
	twine
Requires
	one
Is Part Of
	Grinnell College Music Instrument Collection
Spatial Coverage
	Americas
Bibliographic Citation
	Izikowitz, Karl Gustav. 1970 (first publ. in 1935). Musical and Other Sound Instruments of the South American Indians—A Comparative Ethnographical Study. East Ardsley, England: S. R. Publishers Limited (1935 printing--Götebor: Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag).

Marcuse, Sybil. 1975. A Survey of Musical Instruments. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers.

Sachs, Curt. 1940. The History of Musical Instruments. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Wachsmann, Klause (with Mervyn McLean and Bruno Nettl)/ Don Niles, and J. Richard Haefer. 2014. “Bullroarer.” GDMI v.1: 431-432.

Zerres, Otto. 1953. “The Bull-Roarer among South American Indians,” Revista do Museu Paulista 7: 275-310.
Air cavity design for aerophones
	no standing wave cavity
Source and direction of airstream
	no airstream; an interruptive agent is thrust against stationary air
Energy transducer that activates sound for aerophones
	sharp edge of a rotating blade that is being whipped through the open air
Means of modifying shape and dimensions of standing wave in air cavity for aerophones
	not applicable
Overblowing utilization in aerophones
	not applicable
Pitch production in aerophones
	continuous modulating tone determined by rate at which interruptive agent is moving and rotating
Category of Instrument
	aerophone

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