Id Url Resource class Title Creator Subject Publisher Contributor Date Type Format Identifier Source Language Relation Coverage Rights Audience Alternative Title Date Created Extent Medium Requires Is Part Of Has Part Spatial Coverage Temporal Coverage Audience Education Level Bibliographic Citation Provenance String carrier design for chordophone Resonator design for chordophone String courses for chordophone Vibrational length for chordophone String tension control for chordophone Method of sounding for chordophone Pitches per string course for chordophone Number of drums comprising instrument for membranophone Shell design for membranophone Number and function of membranes for membranophone Membrane design for membranophone Membrane attachment for membranophone Membrane tension control for membranophone Sounding for membranophone Sound modifiers for membranophone Basic form of sonorous object/s for idiophone Sound objects per instrument for idiophone Resonator design for idiophone Number of players for idiophone Sounding principle for idiophone Sound exciting agent for idiophone Energy input motion by performer for idiophone Pitch of sound produced for idiophones Sound modification for idiophones Air cavity design for aerophones Source and direction of airstream Energy transducer that activates sound for aerophones Means of modifying shape and dimensions of standing wave in air cavity for aerophones Overblowing utilization in aerophones Pitch production in aerophones Category of Instrument Type of electrophone Type of oscillator for electrophones Type of pickup for electrophones Number of voices for electrophones Primary pitch controller for electrophones MIDI compatible for electrophones SignalProcessingDevices for electrophones Learning Resource Type https://omeka-s.grinnell.edu/s/MusicalInstruments/item/7436 wmi:MusicalInstrument bullroarer 412.22 Roger Vetter Aboriginal 27.8 in. length 3.7 in. greatest width .5 in. greatest thickness South America Brazil bull-roarer | rhombe | Schwirrholz wood | twine one Grinnell College Music Instrument Collection Americas Izikowitz, Karl Gustav. 1970 (first publ. in 1935). Musical and Other Sound Instruments of the South American Indians—A Comparative Ethnographical Study. East Ardsley, England: S. R. Publishers Limited (1935 printing--Götebor: Elanders Boktryckeri Aktiebolag). Marcuse, Sybil. 1975. A Survey of Musical Instruments. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. Sachs, Curt. 1940. The History of Musical Instruments. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Wachsmann, Klause (with Mervyn McLean and Bruno Nettl)/ Don Niles, and J. Richard Haefer. 2014. “Bullroarer.” GDMI v.1: 431-432. Zerres, Otto. 1953. “The Bull-Roarer among South American Indians,” Revista do Museu Paulista 7: 275-310. no standing wave cavity no airstream; an interruptive agent is thrust against stationary air sharp edge of a rotating blade that is being whipped through the open air not applicable not applicable continuous modulating tone determined by rate at which interruptive agent is moving and rotating aerophone