Url
	https://omeka-s.grinnell.edu/s/MusicalInstruments/item/5180
Resource class
	wmi:MusicalInstrument
Title
	kundu
Subject
	211.241.1
Contributor
	Roger Vetter
Type
	Iatmul
Format
	27.8 in. length
5.2 in. diameter of drumhead
6.1 in diameter of open end
Identifier
	6182
Source
	Melanesia
Language
	EN
Coverage
	Papua New Guinea
Alternative Title
	kwangu
	kwang-gu
	kangu
Medium
	wood
	membrane - reptile skin
	beeswax
Requires
	one
Is Part Of
	Grinnell College Music Instrument Collection
Spatial Coverage
	Oceania
Bibliographic Citation
	Craig, Barry, ed. 2010. Living Spirits with Fixed Abodes. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press. Accessed 16 April 2019: https://muse.jhu.edu/book/2136/.
Geary, Christraud M., ed. 2006. From the South Seas—Oceanic Art in the Teel Collection. Boston: MFA Publications.
“Hand drum (kundu), 20th century.” Minneapolis Institute of Art website, accessed Aug. 7, 2019: https://collections.artsmia.org/art/5754/hand-drum-iatmul 
“Hand Drum.” Los Angeles County Museum of Art website, accessed Aug. 7, 2019: https://collections.lacma.org/node/215738
 “Hourglass Drum.” Les Musées Barbier-Mueller website, accessed Aug. 7, 2019:  https://www.barbier-mueller.ch/collections/collections/mers-du-sud/arts-de-nouvelle-guinee/article/hourglass-drum?lang=en
Iatmul (Melanesia, Papua New Guinea) Kundu (Hand Drum), 20th century. PDF accessed Aug. 7, 2019: http://www.ipevolunteers.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Iatmul_Kundu_Drum.pdf
“Iatmul people.” National Gallery of Australia website, accessed Aug. 7, 2019: https://cs.nga.gov.au/detail.cfm?irn=82547
“Iatmul/Chambri hand drum.” Museum of Fine Arts, Boston  website, accessed Aug.7, 2019: https://collections.mfa.org/objects/466735
 “Instrument, percussion, Iatmul, Kararau, Middle Sepik River, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea.” Museums Victoria Collections website, accessed Aug. 7, 2019: https://collections.museumvictoria.com.au/items/186911
King, Anthony, Mervyn McLean, and Jeremy Montagu. 2014. “Hourglass drum.” GDMI v.2: 714-715.
“Melanesia: Papua New Guinea: The Iatmul: Song of the mythical ancestors; Central Region of the Sepik River 1973-1974.” JVC Anthology of World Music and Dance v.29: Oceania 1, Micronesia/Melanesia/Australia. One DVD disc, track 29-12. JVC Victor Company of Japan, Ltd. 
Metropolitan Museum of Art website accessed Aug. 7, 2019: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/504614?&searchField=All&deptids=18&where=Oceania&what=Drums&ao=on&ft=musical+instruments&offset=0&rpp=20&pos=6
Niles, Don, et al. 1998. “Iatmul,” in “Mamose Region of Papua New Guinea,” In The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music v.9 Australia and the Pacific Islands, ed. Adrienne L. Kaeppler and J. W. Love. New York: Garland Publishing, pp. 552-557.
Provenance
	vetter collection
Number of drums comprising instrument for membranophone
	single drum
Shell design for membranophone
	tubular - hourglass
Number and function of membranes for membranophone
	one, for sounding
Membrane design for membranophone
	unframed
Membrane attachment for membranophone
	unframed membrane glued to shell
Membrane tension control for membranophone
	none, tension set at time of manufacture
Sounding for membranophone
	striking directly with one hand
Sound modifiers for membranophone
	none
Category of Instrument
	membranophone

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